Spermatoceles (Testical Fluid Sacs)
The epididymis is the small, coiled tube located on the upper testicle that collects and transports sperm. This is where a spermatocele develops.
A spermatocele is a sac usually filled with milky or clear fluid that might contain sperm. It usually doesn’t affect fertility or even require treatment. However, your doctor will watch it for growth. If it causes discomfort, surgery may be an option.
Symptoms of Spermatocele
Although spermatoceles can often be felt during a testicular self-exam (see below), they typically do not cause other symptoms unless they grow.
These symptoms can include:
- Pain or discomfort in the affected testicle
- Heaviness in the affected testicle
- A feeling of fullness behind and above the affected testicle
Causes of Spermatocele
The cause of spermatoceles is not known; however, they could be a result of blockage in one of the many tubes that transport sperm from the testicle.
Research shows that men whose mothers were given the drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage and other pregnancy complications appear to have a higher risk of spermatoceles. This drug is no longer used (read more).
Diagnosing Spermatocele
Most men find spermatoceles during a testicular self-exam. Although they are not commonly a cause for concern, it is important to have your doctor evaluate any scrotal mass to rule out testicular cancer or other serious conditions.
Treating Spermatocele
Men who experience large or growing spermatoceles may experience severe pain or discomfort. If this is the case, your doctor may recommend surgery.
Since it is possible that removal might damage the epididymis or the vas deferens (a tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the penis) it is important to discuss your desire for fertility first.
Although rare, it is also possible for spermatocele to return after surgery.
How to Perform a Self-Exam
It is important for men to perform regular self-exams on their testicles. A great time to do so is during a shower or warm bath. The heat from the water relaxes your scrotum, making it easier for you to feel anything abnormal.
Here are easy steps to follow:
- Standing in front of a mirror, hold your penis out of the way and examine each testicle separately, looking for any swelling on the skin.
- Hold your testicle between your thumbs and fingers with both hands and roll it gently.
- Look and feel for any hard lumps or nodules (smooth, rounded masses) or any changes in the size, shape, or consistency of your testicles.
Performing self-exams is important; however, it is just as important to see a doctor if you suspect anything abnormal, especially the presence of a lump. You will gain peace of mind from being checked by a doctor.
